Papers with Image Captioning
UMIC: An Unreferenced Metric for Image Captioning via Contrastive Learning (2021.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | BERTScore and other text generation metrics do not use reference captions to evaluate image captions. |
| Approach: | They propose a new metric which does not require reference captions to evaluate image captions . they train UMIC to discriminate negative captions via contrastive learning . |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric has higher correlation than previous metrics that require multiple references. |
Image Embedding Sampling Method for Diverse Captioning (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Currently, large-scale captioning models are less accessible for resource-constrained applications such as mobile devices and assistive technologies. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free framework that enhances caption diversity and informativeness by explicitly attending to distinct image regions using a comparably small VLM as the backbone. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves comparable performance to larger models on MSCOCO, Flickr30k, and Nocaps test datasets while maintaining strong image-caption relevancy and semantic integrity with the human-annotated captions. |
Language-Driven Region Pointer Advancement for Controllable Image Captioning (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Controllable Image Captioning is a recent sub-task of Image Captions wherein constraints are placed on which regions in an image should be described in the generated natural language caption. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for predicting the timing of region pointer advancement by treating the advancement step as a natural part of the language structure via a NEXT-token. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method agrees with ground-truth timing in the Flickr30k Entities test data with a precision of 86.55% and a recall of 97.92%. |
Prompting Vision-Language Models For Aspect-Controlled Generation of Referring Expressions (2024.findings-naacl)
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Danfeng Guo, Sanchit Agarwal, Arpit Gupta, Jiun-Yu Kao, Emre Barut, Tagyoung Chung, Jing Huang, Mohit Bansal
| Challenge: | Referring Expression Generation (REG) is the task of generating a descriptive caption that uniquely identifies a given target in the scene. |
| Approach: | They propose an Aspect-Controlled REG task which requires generating a referring expression conditioned on the input aspect(s) by changing the input input such as color, location, action etc. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model beats all prior works in the CIDEr score and achieves comparable performance to training with 100% of real data. |
IC3: Image Captioning by Committee Consensus (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Traditionally, image captioning models are trained to generate a single “best’ (most like a reference) image caption. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to generate a single caption that captures high-level details from several annotator viewpoints. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baseline SOTA models and improves the performance of automated recall systems by up to 84%. |
Bridging by Word: Image Grounded Vocabulary Construction for Visual Captioning (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing research on image captioning generates frequent n-grams with irrelevant words. |
| Approach: | They propose to construct an image-grounded vocabulary incorporating visual information and relations among words into the decoding process directly. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is compared with state-of-the-art models on MS COCO and Flickr30k and shows that it is more efficient than existing models. |
***YesBut***: A High-Quality Annotated Multimodal Dataset for evaluating Satire Comprehension capability of Vision-Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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Abhilash Nandy, Yash Agarwal, Ashish Patwa, Millon Das, Aman Bansal, Ankit Raj, Pawan Goyal, Niloy Ganguly
| Challenge: | Existing Vision-Language models perform poorly on satirical image detecting tasks . satire and humor are powerful tools to highlight issues, provoke thought, and encourage critical perspective . |
| Approach: | They propose to use a dataset to evaluate satirical images and satire images to detect satiric images . they also propose to generate the reason behind the image being satiral by generating one half of the image to be satisfying . |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset contains 2547 images, 1084 satirical and 1463 non-satirically, with different artistic styles. |
Releasing the Capacity of GANs in Non-Autoregressive Image Captioning (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing non-autoregressive (NAR) models suffer from their inherent multi-modality problem. |
| Approach: | They propose an Adversarial Non-autoregressive Transformer for Image Captioning that improves model performance by modifying model structure to be compatible with contrastive learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves 26.72 times faster than the autoregressive model on the MSCOCO dataset. |